U.S. Beneficial Ownership Information Reporting Begins


The U.S. Treasury recently enacted a new reporting requirement aimed at quashing illicit financial transactions. The agency believes that corporate anonymity is enabling money laundering, terrorism, and drug trafficking. As part of the 2021 Corporate Transparency Act (CTA), certain companies are now required to report information about their beneficial owners. The goal of the new registration requirements is to create a centralized database of beneficial ownership information.

There has been push-back from some lawmakers and small business organizations, citing this as an erroneous regulatory process that just makes life harder for small businesses. Efforts to carve out exceptions or delay the implementation failed. As a result, the Treasury Department officially opened beneficial ownership information reporting on Jan. 1, 2024.

Who is Subject to Reporting?

Generally, a company may need to report beneficial ownership information if it is a corporation, LLC, or other business entity created by the filing with a U.S. secretary of state or a foreign company registered to do business in the United States. Reporting requirements for trusts and other entity types are more state law dependent.

At first glance, the rules make it look like all businesses are subject to reporting. There are exemptions, however, including nonprofits, publicly traded companies, and certain large operating companies. The FinCEN’s Compliance Guide provides an exemption qualification checklist.

Reporting Timelines and Requirements

First, you only must file an initial report once. There are no annual reporting requirements. Filing deadlines vary based on when a company was created or registered with the relevant secretary of state.

  • Before Jan. 1, 2024, => Deadline of Jan. 1, 2025
  • Between Jan. 1, 2024, and Jan. 1, 2025, => You have 90 calendar days after receiving notice of the company’s creation or registration to file.
  • On or after Jan. 1, 2025, => Deadline is 30 calendar days from the company’s creation or registration.

While there is no annual filing requirement, filing updates are necessary within 30 days of any changes. Ownership activity subject to change reporting includes registering a new business name, a change in beneficial owners, or a beneficial owner’s name, address, or unique identifying number previously provided.

What Do You Need to Report?

Beneficial ownership reporting must identify the following data.

At the company level, it must report:

  • Company name, both legal and trade (if applicable)
  • Company physical address (no post office boxes)
  • Jurisdiction of formation or registration
  • Taxpayer Identification Number

For each beneficial owner, the following must be reported:

  • Name
  • Date of birth
  • Address
  • Driver’s license, passport, or other acceptable identification

Depending on the situation, there also may be reporting requirements about the company applicant. This is generally a person involved in the creation or registration of the company. The same four pieces of data as for a beneficial owner would need to be provided.

As a general rule, a beneficial owner is someone who controls the company or owns 25 percent or more.

The full definition and all exemptions to whom constitutes a beneficial owner or company applicant can be found here.

No financial information or details about the business operations are required.

How and Where to File

You have the option to file online or via PDF. Filing online can be done through the Beneficial Ownership Information (BOI) E-Filing System on the FinCEN site.

There is no cost to file.

Conclusion and Cautions

While the reporting is simple, the requirements should not be taken lightly. Failure to report could result in civil penalties of up to $500 per day, criminal charges of up to two years imprisonment, and a fine of up to $10,000.

The message is this: Don’t wait – and don’t forget to file!

Updated IRS 2024 Penalties for Late Filing and Missed Tax Forms

Every year, the IRS announces annual inflation adjustments related to tax rate schedules, deductions, cost-of-living adjustments, etc. What many taxpayers do not realize is that they also adjust the cost of fines and penalties as well. This means that the penalties for late filings and missing tax forms are getting more expensive. In this article, we will look at the penalties for failing to file various types of tax returns as well as failing to file certain types of forms.

Failure to File Penalties

There is simply no way around it, skipping out on filing a tax return is going to cost you. Each type of return has its own penalty associated with it. For returns to be filed in 2024, the failure to file penalties are as follows.

Income Tax Returns

Failure to file within 60 days of the due date, the minimum penalty is $510 (up from $485 in 2023) and can increase depending on the circumstances – up to 100 percent of the taxes on the return.

Partnership Return

Failure to file a partnership tax return incurs a $245 penalty (up from $235 in 2023).

S-Corporation Return

Failure to file an S-Corporation return incurs a $245 penalty (up from $235 in 2023).

Beyond these simple financial penalties, things can get serious depending on the length of time a return has not been filed and the amount of past due taxes. This includes liens, levies and passport restrictions.

Passport Revocation or Denial

In cases of serious tax delinquency, defined as a tax debt of $62,000 or more in 2024, your application for a new passport can be revoked or denied renewal.

Liens

If a taxpayer fails to pay a properly assessed tax bill, the IRS can file a Notice of Federal Tax Lien. This type of lien puts creditors on notice that the federal government has legitimate claim over your property. This means that when you sell any of your property or assets, you can be forced to send the proceeds to the IRS.

Levies

Levies are the legal seizure of your property. Typically, any property can be levied to fulfill a tax obligation. There are exceptions for certain, small amounts of personal property such as provisions, furniture and other household personal effects, and business property needed to carry on a trade or business; but these are negligible thresholds (less than $12,000). Further, wages can be levied and are subject to a formula that calculates a maximum weekly amount.

In any case, a levy is the last resort of the IRS but is obviously something you want to avoid.

Conclusion

Paying penalties is no fun and no one wants to pay them. You may feel overwhelmed due to personal or business circumstances or other reasons, but the absolute worst thing you can do is to ignore your tax filing obligations. Even if you are late, the sooner you file versus burying your head like an ostrich the better – as it’s “better late than never” when it comes to the IRS.

The main lesson is that ignoring things won’t make them better.

IRS Ruling: Crypto Currency Staking Rewards Are Taxable When Received

Crypto Currency Staking Rewards Are TaxableThe IRS recently issued an important ruling on the taxability of cryptocurrency staking rewards, determining that staking rewards are essentially “income” and, therefore, taxable upon receipt and not deferrable until sale or swapping. Below, we will look at the ruling in more detail and what it means for taxpayers. But first, let us revisit the concept of cryptocurrency staking as a refresher.

Crypto Staking 101: What Is Staking?

Staking, at its most basic form, is a way for holders of cryptocurrencies to earn rewards or passive income on their digital assets without needing to sell.

One way to think of staking is like a high-yield savings account. When you stake digital assets, you deposit and lock up your coins. This helps run and maintain security on different blockchains (depending on the asset staked). In return, you typically receive more of the digital asset staked. 

Rates of return on digital asset staking can be lucrative; however, staking is not without risks.

Staking risks include:

The inherent volatility of cryptocurrencies, where the rewards earned can be less than the change in the underlying digital asset price (causing an overall loss).

Minimum lock-up periods, where staked assets cannot be unstaked and sold or swapped and therefore are illiquid for a period.

Counterparty risk if operating as part of a staking pool, where rewards can be negated as a bad actor and therefore never paid out.

The staking pool or underlying digital asset can be hacked, leading to a loss of funds (remember, there is such a thing as FDIC insurance to protect depositors in the cryptocurrency realm).

Taxability of Staking Rewards

The tax treatment of buying and selling cryptocurrencies is clear. In IRS Notice 2014-21, the government declares that crypto trades should be treated as property, resulting in capital gains treatment like other property bought and sold. Staking, however, is different than trading.

To clarify, given the vague mechanisms of crypto staking, the IRS recently issued a ruling declaring that crypto staking rewards need to be included when received in a taxpayer’s gross income. This ruling formalizes the position taken by the IRS in the Jarrett case.

The argument in the Jarrett case was that the coins received as staking rewards are new property that was created and not the same as income, interest, etc. Essentially, this means the staking rewards are zero-basis assets that would be taxed when sold and not upon receipt. They made the argument that staking rewards were like the products of a baker, where each new cake, although from the same recipe, is a newly created product/asset and, therefore, taxable upon sale.

The court determined that staking rewards, due to their proof-of-stake creation mechanism, are not a new asset, but compensation for helping to maintain and provide validation of the underlying blockchain, with the staked assets used as collateral.

Conclusion

As a result, staking rewards are income when “received.” The taxable amount is the fair market value of the coins when the taxpayer receives the staking reward in an “unlocked” manner. In other words, once the taxpayer controls the staking rewards, the taxpayer is capable (regardless of exercising this capability) of selling them.